Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan
fotograf bagi satu litar
yang
mengandungi enam
sel kering baru yang serupa setiap satunya 1.5V,
sementara Rajah 10.2
menunjukkan
fotograf bagi satu litar yang
mengandungi
satu sel kering baru 9V,
masing-masing disambungkan kepada
sebiji mentol
yang serupa.
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(a)
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What is the meaning of 9 V battery ?
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Apakah maksud 9V pada
bateri tersebut ?
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[1 mark / markah]
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(b)
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(i)
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State the energy transformation that
take place in the bulb.
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Nyatakan perubahan tenaga
yang berlaku
pada mentol.
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[1 mark / markah]
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(ii)
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Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,
compare the bulb brightness with
the types
of the dry cell used.
Relate the bulb brightness with the amount of
current flow to make a
deduction regarding the
relationship between the bulb brightness and the
internal resistance.
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Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan
Rajah 10.2,
bandingkan kecerahan mentol dengan jenis sel kering
yang digunakan.
Hubungkaitkan kecerahan
mentol dengan
jumlah arus yang mengalir untuk membuat
kesimpulan tentang
hubungan antara
kecerahan mentol dengan rintangan dalam bagi sel kering.
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[4 marks / markah]
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(c)
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Diagram 10.3 shows a 12V accumulator used to start a car engine.
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Diagram 10.3 menunjukkan
akumulator 12V yang digunakan
untuk meghidupkan
enjin sebuah kereta.
What is the type of this accumulator?
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Apakah jenis akumulator ini?
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[1 mark / markah]
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Diagram 10.4 shows a 12V accumulator ( internal resistance, r = 0.01Ω
)
is replaced with eight 1.5V dry
cells ( internal resistance, r = 0.5Ω ).
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Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan
akumulator 12V (rintangan dalam, r = 0.01Ω)
digantikan
dengan lapan sel kering 1.5 V(rintangan dalam, r = 0.5Ω).
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Can the car be
started ?. Explain your answer
Adakah kereta
tersebut dapat dihidupkan ?. Terangkan jawapan anda.
Diagram 10.5 shows the condition in a closed room with unsuitable
installation of lamp.
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Rajah 10.5 menunjukkan
suasana dalam sebuah bilik yang tertutup dan
pemasangan
lampu yang tidak
sesuai.
Using appropriate physics concepts, explain suitable modification to
the room and
the lamp so that the room condition becomes brighter and more
comfortable.
Your answer should include the following aspects :
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Menggunakan konsep fizik
yang sesuai, terangkan pengubahsuaian
pada bilik dan mentol tersebut supaya
suasana bilik menjadi lebih terang dan selesa.
Jawapan anda hendaklah merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut:
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( i )
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Type of the lamp.
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Jenis lampu
tersebut.
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( ii )
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Position of the lamp.
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Kedudukan lampu
itu.
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( iii )
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The energy efficiency of the lamp.
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Kecekapan tenaga
lampu itu.
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( iv )
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Safety feature of the lamp.
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Ciri keselamatan untuk
lampu itu.
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( v )
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Wiring system for the lamp.
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Sistem pendawaian untuk lampu itu..
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[10 marks / markah]
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Supply 9 Joule electric energy
for each coulomb of charge transfer from one point to another point within a
material
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Electrical energy à
Light energy + Heat energy
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Diagram
4.2 is brighter // Diagram 4.1 is dimmer
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The
brighter bulb has larger amount of current //
The
dimmer bulb has smaller amount of current
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The
brighter the bulb , the higher the current flows
and
Internal
resistance of dry cell is lower //otherwise
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Lead-acid accumulator
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No
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8 dry cells are arranged in
serial so the total internal resistance is
8 x 0.5 = 4 Ω
Current flow, I = V/R = 12/4 = 3
A
This small current cannot start
the engine.
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Modification
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Explanation
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Use the fluorescent lamp
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Consume less power and economic
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Use a more efficient
fluorescent lamp
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It brightens the room more
clearly and thoroughly and prevents wastage
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Use a more energy efficient
fluorescent lamp
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Helps the temperature in the
room to be not too hot due to less energy loss in form of heat energy.
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Fuses should be connected to
the fluorescent lamp
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To prevent overheating of lamps
might cause the fluorescent lamp to blow out.
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Two or more fluorescent lamp
are arrange in parallel.
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If one lamp blows the rest are
still functioning.
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