Micrometer screw gauge (p3)

Student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between thickness of the 50 cent coin, T and numbers of coin,n. Micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the thickness, T of the 50 cent coin.

 Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan antara ketebalan duit syiling 50 sen, T dengan bilangan duit syiling, n. Tolok skru mikrometer digunakan untuk mengukur ketebalan, T bagi duit syiling 50 sen itu.

Diagram 1.1 shows the zero, X on the micrometer screw gauge.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan ralat sifar, X pada tolok skru mikrometer itu.





Diagram 1.2 shows the reading, t, on the micrometer screw gauge when the number of coins,n=1

 Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan bacaan, t, pada tolok skru mikrometer apabila bilangan duit syiling, n = 1.



The procedure of measurement  is repeated with the number of coins, n = 2, n =3, n = 4, n= 5. The corresponding readings of the micrometer screw gauge areshown in Diagram 1.3,1.4,1.5 and 1.6.

Prosedur pengukuran diulang dengan bilangan duit syilling n = 2, n =3, n = 4, n= 5. Bacaan tolok skru mikrometer yang sepadan ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.3,1.4,1.5 dan 1.6.

Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3
(a) For the experiment described, identify:
      Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan, kenal pasti :

(i) The manipulated variable
     Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
   
     .....................................................................................................................................

(ii) The responding variable
       Pembolehubah bergerak balas
   
      .....................................................................................................................................

(iii) The constant variable
        Pembolehubah dimalarkan

       .....................................................................................................................................

(b) (i) Based on Diagram 1.1, determine the zero error, X.
          Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, tentukan ralat sifar, X.


         X = ....................................................cm

    (ii) Based on Diagram 1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5 and 1.6, determine the thickness of the coins,t. The actual thickness of the coins, T , are determine using the formula:
         

                                                T = t - X

Where X is the zero error on the micrometer screw gauge.

Tabulate your data for all values of n,t and T in the space below.

 Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5 dan 1.6 tentukan ketebalan duit syiling, t. Ketebalan sebenar duit syiling, T ditentukan dengan menggunakan formula:
T = t - X

Di mana X adalah ralat sifar tolok skru mikrometer itu.

Jadualkan  data anda bagi semua nilai n, t dan T dalam ruang di bawah.

(c) On the graph paper, draw a graph of T agaist n.
      Pada kertas graf, lukiskan graf T melawan n.



(d) Based on the graph in 1(c), state the relationship between T and n.
      Berdasarkan graf 1(c), nyatakan hubungan antara T dan n.
   



Answer 


Downhill

Diagram 1 shows downhill competition where a boy riding his bicycle along  a dirt track. When the boy goes over a low hillock, he comes down slowly.

Diagram 2 shows the same boy coming down a high hillock along a track. The track is much steeper causing him to come down very fast.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan seorang budak lelaki sedang menunggang basikalnya di sepanjang satu trek tanah. Apabila budak itu melalui satu timbunan tanah rendah, dia menuruni timbunan itu dengan perlahan.

 Rajah 2 menunjukkan seorang budak lelaki yang sama menuruni satu timbuanan tanah yang tinggi pada trek tersebut. Trek itu adalah lebih curam dan menyebabkannya bergerak turun dengan laju.



Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:

(a) state one suitable inference that can be made.
     Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.

(b) State one appropriate hypothesis for an investigation.
      Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.

(c) with the use of apparatus such as trolley, ticker timer, ticker tape and other apparatus, describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b).

Dengan menggunakan radas seperti troli, jangka masa detik, pita detik dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di (b).

In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:

(i) The aim of the experiment
    Tujuan eksperimen

(ii) The variables in the experiment
    Pembolehubah dalam eksperimen

(iii)The list of apparatus and materials
     Senarai radas dan bahan.

(iV) The arrangement of the apparatus.
       Susunan radas.

(v)  The procedure of the experiment which should include one of the method of controlling the manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.

        Prosedur eksperimen yang mesti termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan satu kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas.

(vi) The way to tabulate data.
      Cara untuk menjadualkan data.

(vii) The way to analyse the data.
        Cara untuk menganalisis data.



Answer:

Interference :
Velocity depends on the height of the track (hillock)
Hypothesis
The greater the height, the larger the velocity
Aim:
To study the relationship between the height and the velocity
list of variable :
Manipulated variable : height ( of track),h/number of similar wooden blocks
Responding variables : velocity, v
Fixed variable : length ( of track ), mass ( of trolley )
List of apparatus : Metre rule, a.c power supply, ticker tape, ticker time, trolley and track
Arrangement of apparatus:

The procedure of experiment:
Set the track so that the height of track, h= 15.0 cm
Switch on the power supply and allow the trolley to come down the track. calculate the velocity, v ( of the trolley) from the ticker tape.
V=s/t
Repeat steps 2 and 3 for h = 20.0 cm. 25.0 cm, 30.0 cm and 35.0 cm
Tabulation of data :
Analysing data:
Plot the graph of velocity, v against height, h

load trolley

Diagram shows a man pushes a trolley in two situations. The man experience the heavier load trolley is hard to start and to stop.
Rajah menunjukkan seorang lelaki sedang menolak troli dalam dua situasi. Lelaki itu mandapati troli yang lebih berat beban adalah sukar untuk ditolak dan sukar untuk dihentikan.







Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:

(a) state one suitable inference that can be made.
     Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.

(b) State one appropriate hypothesis for an investigation.
      Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.

(c) with the use of apparatus such as jigsaw blade, plasticine, G-clamps and other apparatus, describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b).

 Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bilah gergaji, plastisin, apit-G dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di (b).

In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:

(i) The aim of the experiment
    Tujuan eksperimen

(ii) The variables in the experiment
    Pembolehubah dalam eksperimen

(iii)The list of apparatus and materials
     Senarai radas dan bahan.

(iV) The arrangement of the apparatus.
       Susunan radas.

(v)  The procedure of the experiment which should include one of the method of controlling the manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.

        Prosedur eksperimen yang mesti termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan satu kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas.

(vi) The way to tabulate data.
      Cara untuk menjadualkan data.

(vii) The way to analyse the data.
        Cara untuk menganalisis data.






Answer :

Inference :
The inertia depends on the mass

Hypothesis : As the mass increases as the inertia increases

Aim : To investigate the relationship between the mass and the inertia

List of variables:
Manipulated variable : The mass
Responding variable : The inertia/ period of oscillation/ time taken for 10 oscillations
Fixed variable : Number of oscillatiom/the lenght of jigsaw blade,

List of apparatus : Jigsaw blade, plasticine, G-clamp, stopwatch, and balance

Arrangement of apparatus:


The procedure of experiment:
-The mass of the plasticine is measured by a balance , m = 30.0 g

The jigsaw blade is displaced horizontally to one side and then released so that it oscillate. The time taken for 10 oscillations, t is recorded by a stopwatch./The period of oscillation is recorded.

T=t/10

The experiment is repeated 4 times by using plasicine balls with mass = 40.0g, 50.0 g, 60.0 g, and 70.0 g

Tabulation of data:


Analysing data:

Plot the graph of period, T against mass, m










ray diagram

Which of the following ray diagram is not correct?
Antara rajah sinar yang berikut, yang manakah tidak betul?






Answer : C

Guidelines to Draw Ray Diagrams for a Convex Lens

1. The ray parallel to the principal axis is refrcted through the focal point, F
2. A ray passing through the optical centre, C travels straight without bending
3. A ray passing the focal point, F is refracted parallel to the principal axis
4. Finally, point of intersection is the position of the image, I

Guidelines to Draw Ray Diagrams for a Concave Lens

1. The ray parallel to the principal axis is refracted and appears to come from the focal point,F
2. A ray passing through the optical centre, C travels straight without bending
3. Finally, point of intersection is the position of the image.

refractive index

Diagram shows a light ray entering a semicircular glass block and being refracted.
Rajah menunjukkan satu sinar cahaya memasuki satu bongkah kaca semibulatan dan dibiaskan.





What is the refractive index of the glass block?
Berapakah indeks biasan bongkah kaca itu?

A     1.50
B     1.58
C     1.66
D     1.72





Answer : C

The critical angle is the greatest angle of incidence in the optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction, r = 90o
Refractive index, n = 1
                                            sin c

angle of refraction

Diagram shows a light ray directed into a glass block
Which is the angle of refraction?
Rajah menunjukkan satu sinar cahaya ditujukan kepada satu bongkah kaca.
Sudut yang manakah adalah sudut biasan?









Answer : B
The angle between the refracted ray and the normal

a plane mirror

Diagram shows the position of a man, a flower pot and a plane mirror.
Rajah menunjukkan kedudukan seorang lelaki , sebuah pasu bunga dan sebuah cermin satah.





What is the distance, in m, between the flower pot and the image of the man?
Berapakah jarak, dalam m antara pasu bunga dengan imej lelaki itu?

A     1

B     4

C     6

D     7





Answer : D
The distance of the image, v from the plane mirror is the same as the distance of the object, u from the mirror.

constantan wire





Which action that can cause the current flowing in the circuit to be increased?
Langkah manakah yang menyebabkan arus yang mengalir di dalam litar akan bertambah?

A Replaced the constantan wire with another constantan wire of lens 2L
    Mengantikan dawai konstantan dengan dawai konstantan yang panjangnya 2L

B Replaced the constantan wire with another constantan wire diameter 2x
    Mengantikan dawai konstantan dengan dawai konstantan lain yang diameternya 2x

C Replaced the constantan wire with a nichchrome wire of lenght L
    Mengantikan dawai konstatan dengan dawai nikrom yang panjangnya L

D Increase the temperature of t constantan wire
    Menambahkan suhu dawai konstantan itu





Answer : B

electric field pattern

Which diagram shows the correct electric field pattern?
Rajah manakah menunjukkan corak medan elektrik yang betul?







Answer : C
The direction of electric field is from +ve to -ve

buoyant force

Diagram shows a ship of mass 2500 kg floating on the water.
Rajah menunjukkan sebuah kapal berjisim 2500 kg terapung di atas air.




What is the buoyant force acting on the ship?
Berapakah Daya apungan terhadap kapal itu?

A     2.5 x 103 N
B     2.5 x 104 N
C     2.5 x 105 N

D     0 N











Answer : B
The bouyant Force = mg

uranium-219

The following equation represents the decay process of uranium-219.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan proses reputan bagi uranium-219.



Answer : B
Therefor : X = 2, Y = 1


nuclear reaction

In a nuclear reaction 2.70 x 10-12 J of energy is released. What is the mass lost?
Dalam satu tindak balas nucleus, tenaga 2.70 x 10-12 J dibebaskan. Berapakah jisim yang hilang?

A     9.0 x 10-12 kg
B     9.0 x 10-18 kg
C     3.0 x 10-11  kg
D     3.0 x 10-29 kg












Answer : D

E = mc2

2.70 x 102 = m(3 x 105)2
m= 2.70x102 = 3.0 x10-29 kg
                                          (3x105)2

radioactivity decay

Diagram is a graph which shows the activity against time for a process of radioactivity decay.
Rajah menunjukkan graf keaktifan melawan masa bagi suatu proses reputan radioaktif.



What is the activity after 2 hours?
Berapakah keaktifan selepas 2 jam?

A  90 counts per minutes
     90 bilangan per minit

B  120 counts per minutes
     120 bilangan per minit

C  150 counts per minutes
     150 bilangan per minit

D  1200 counts per minutes
     1200 bilangan per minit




Answer : C
T ½ = 30 minutes




logic states

If input X and input Y are logic 1, what are the logic states of P,Q, and R?
Jika input X dan input Y ialah logik 1, apakah keadaan logik P,Q, dan R?


          P     Q     R
A      1       1      1

B      1       0      1

C      1       0      0

D      0       0      1





Answer : D

transmission and distribution of electricity

Diagram shows a model of transmission and distribution of electricity.
Rajah menunjukkan sebuah model penghantaran dan penyebaran elektrik.


Name the type of transformer at X and Y.
Namakan jenis transformer pada X dan Y.


          Transformer X              Transformer Y

A        Step down                      Step up

B        Step up                           Step down

C        Step down                     Step up

D        Step down                      Step up













Answer : B
X is step up transformer, Y is step down transformer.

Soft iron

Diagram shows an electric consisting an a.c power supply, a solenoid an iron core and a switch.
Rajah menunjukkan sebuah litar elektrik yang mengandungi bekalan kuasa a.u, sebuah solenoid, teras besi dan suis.






What happens to the soft iron when switch S is switched on?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada teras besi apabila suis S dihidupkan?

 A     Does not move
        Tidak bergerak

B     Push away from the solenoid
        Tertolak menjauhi solenoid

C     Attract towards the solenoid
       Tertarik mendekati solenoid

D    Oscillate to the right and to the left
       Berayun ke kanan dan ke kiri





Answer: D
Oscillate to the right and to the left. Soft iron core will experience different poles when ac is used

the cost

A housewife uses a 2 kW electric iron for 30 minutes a day. If the cost of 1 unit of electricity is 20 cents, what is the cost of using the electric iron for 30 days.
Seorang suri rumah menggunakan seterika elektrik berkuasa 2 kW selama 30 minit sehari. Jika kos satu unit adalah 20 sen, berapakah kos menggunakan seterika elektrik itu selama 30 hari?


A RM 2.00
B RM 4.00
C RM 6.00
D RM 8.00




Answer : C
E=Pt
=2 kW x 0.5 j x 0.20
= RM 6.00

electromotive force

Diagram shows a circuit containing three resistor and a cell with an electromotive force of 12 V and internal resistance of 6 Ω.
 Rajah menunjukkan satu litar yang mengandungi tiga perintang dan satu sel dengan daya gerak elektrik 12 V dan rintangan dalam 6  Ω.






What is the current flowing through the circuit?
Berapakah arus yang mengalir melalui litar itu?

A 1.1 A
B 1.0 A
C 1.0 A
D 1.4 A





Answer : C 
E=I(R+r)
12=I(6+6)
I=1.0 A